South Yorkshire, with five Foundation Trusts within 35 miles, was selected as a pilot or "Laboratory" to try out Payment by Results before the rest of England inherited it. Download the Strategic Health Authority report “Shared Responsibility - an answer to Payment by Results: a study on behavioural and attitude change in the South Yorkshire Payment by Results Laboratory” (SHA report, Dec 2006) It concludes that Payment by Results itself was not inherrently bad or good, but it's success or failure would depend on the ability of individual leaders to rise above the petty penny-pinching of paying for each individual patient and seek to make things better for the population. Rotherham succeeded, in fact South Yorkshire was going a long way to succeeding (after learning lessons the hard way), but England as a whole is only just beginning to learn all the same lessons and suffer the same pain.